Advanced Placement (AP) European History Practice Exam

What role did the Habsburg dynasty play in the context of Maria Theresa's leadership?

1. They were challengers to her authority

2. They were critical allies against France

3. They represented continuity in her ruling lineage

4. They were the primary opposition in Hungary

The correct answer is: They represented continuity in her ruling lineage

The Habsburg dynasty played a significant role in the context of Maria Theresa's leadership as they represented continuity in her ruling lineage. As a member of the Habsburg family, Maria Theresa inherited a vast empire that included Austria, Hungary, Bohemia, and various territories throughout Europe. This dynastic heritage provided her with a strong claim to the throne and a sense of legitimacy among her subjects. Maria Theresa's reign began during a challenging period marked by her father's death and the subsequent War of the Austrian Succession, where her authority was initially questioned. Despite these challenges, she successfully consolidated power and navigated through various political and military conflicts, largely due to the established influence and resources of the Habsburg dynasty. This continuity was crucial as it helped maintain stability and offered a framework by which she could enforce her policies and govern her territories effectively. In summary, the Habsburg dynasty's legacy and established rule underpinned Maria Theresa's leadership, allowing her to build upon previous foundations and assert her authority across her domains.